用英语讲中国传统文化——中国茶文化
“Chinese tea culture”
北京时间2022年11月29日晚，“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
Traditional tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on November 29, 2022.
“中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”的成功申遗，体现了中国茶文化的深远影响和价值。那今天就和小编一起来学习用英语介绍中国茶文化吧！
一
中国茶文化起源
Origins
Tea is native to China，and Chinese tea culture has a long history.
中国是茶的故乡，中国的茶文化有着非常悠久的历史。
Originally tea was used as a medicine instead of a drink. It was said that Shennong，the legendary ruler in ancient China，once tasted a lot of plants and was poisoned many times. It was tea that helped him get rid of the poisoning effect. Later the ancient Chinese got to know more and more about tea，and instead of being regarded as a medicine, it became a drink.
最初茶被用作药物而不是饮品。传说，古代中国神话中的统治者神农曾尝遍百草，并因此多次中毒。正是茶帮助龙井茶英语他消除了中毒的影响。
So originally, tea was only used as medicine and well-renowned for its medicinal properties. Aside from this sometimes tea was used for cooking.
因此，最初，茶只被用作药物，并因其药用价值而闻名。除此以外，有时茶还被用于烹饪。
Before tea drinking became part of the community, tea drinking was a general practice mostly undertaken by Buddhist monks. Some of the more famous teas are grown by monks in the mountain areas around monasteries.
在饮茶成为社会的一部分之前，饮茶几乎只在佛教僧侣见比较普遍。一些比较有名的茶叶是由寺院周围山区的僧人种植的。
The starting point of this habitual tea drinking came with the publication of “The Classic of Tea” by the Tang dynasty writer Lu Yu. This book tied tea-drinking with Buddhist thought, which greatly influenced the highly spiritual Chinese culture at that time.
这种饮茶习惯的起点是唐朝作家陆羽出版的《茶经》。这本书将饮茶与佛教思想联系起来，极大地影响了当时高度精神化的中国文化。
As such eventually tea became a part of the Chinese daily routine and of occasions – and thereby truly embedded as part of the overall Chinese culture.
因此， 茶最终成为中国人日常生活和场合的一部分，从而真正成为整个中国文化的一部分。
二
中国茶种类
Kinds
There are fifteen major tea-producing provinces in the Chinese Mainland, and Taiwan also produces tea. Chinese teas are generally divided into six major types, mainly according to the method of production. These types are green tea, black tea, Oolong tea, white tea, yellow tea, and dark tea.
中国大陆有十五个主要产茶省份，台湾也产茶。中国的茶叶一般分为六大类，主要是根据生产方法来划分的。这些类型是绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶、白茶、黄茶和黑茶。
红茶 black tea
绿茶 green tea
白茶 white tea
黄茶 yellow tea
乌龙茶 oolong tea
黑茶 dark tea
Besides these, there are processed sorts such as jasmine tea and compressed tea. Each type has its representative “celebrity tea”, each with its unique appearance and aroma, and some are even associated with beautiful legends.
除此以外，还有一些经过加工的种类，如茉莉花茶和压缩茶。每种类型都有其代表性的 "名人茶"，每一种都有其独特的外观和香气，有些甚至与美丽的传说有关。
1. Green Tea
Green tea is the oldest type of tea in China, and it is also produced there in the greatest quantities. Many provinces and cities are renowned for their production of green tea, the most eminent provinces being Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Anhui. In green tea the leaves are not fermented, so they largely retain the original flavor of tea, which is simple, elegant, and enduring. At first sip, green tea may taste a little thin, but after a while, it gains a fragrance in the mouth that lingers.
绿茶是中国最古老的茶叶类型，也是中国产量最大的茶叶。许多省市都以生产绿茶而闻名，最突出的省份是浙江、江西和安徽。在绿茶中，茶叶没有经过发酵，所以它们在很大程度上保留了茶的原始味道，即简单、优雅和持久。刚开始喝的时候，绿茶的味道可能有点淡，但过了一会儿，它的香味就会在口中萦绕。
①West Lake Longjing Tea 龙井茶
②Maojian Tea of Mount Huangshan （Anhui Province） 毛尖
③Pilochun （Suzhou, Jiangsu Province）碧螺春
④Sweet Dew of Mengding (Sichuan province) 蒙顶甜露
2. Black Tea
Black tea is a type of fermented tea; originating from green tea after it is mixed, kneaded, fermented, dried, and otherwise processed. Tea made from green tea leaves is a fresh green while that made using black tea is orange-red. What is more important is that black tea does not undergo the processes of green steaming or green frying, but is fermented, during which time the tea leaves go through chemical reactions. While green tea retains the thin and refreshing flavor of the leaves, the fermented black tea gives a stronger and thicker flavor.
红茶是一种发酵茶；起源于绿茶，经过混合、揉捏、发酵、干燥和其他处理。用绿茶叶制成的茶是鲜绿色的，而用红茶制成的茶是橙红色的。更重要的是，红茶没有经过绿色蒸煮或绿色炒制的过程，而是经过发酵，在此期间，茶叶经历了化学反应。绿茶保留了茶叶的薄而清爽的味道，而发酵后的红茶则有更强更厚的味道。
3. Oolong Tea
Oolong tea is somewhat intermediate between green and black tea. The finishing technique is that of green tea, but the preparation involves fermentation like black tea – it is a semi-fermented tea. It, therefore, has characteristics of both green and black tea: the fresh and clear flavor of green tea and the thick and luscious fragrance of black tea.
乌龙茶在某种程度上介于绿茶和红茶之间。它的加工技术是绿茶的加工技术，但准备工作涉及像红茶一样的发酵--它是一种半发酵的茶。因此，它兼具绿茶和红茶的特点龙井茶英语：绿茶的清新味道和红茶的浓郁香味。
Fenghuang Dancong (Phoenix Mountain Select) tea, is one of the three great varieties of Oolong tea, all equally famous, the other two being the tea from the slopes of Wuyi Mountain, and Tieguanyin tea from Anxi.
凤凰单丛（凤凰山精选）茶是乌龙茶的三大品种之一，与另外两个是武夷山山坡的茶和安溪的铁观音同样出名。
4. Dark Tea
Dark tea was invented by accident.Long ago, in order to supply tea to the ethnic groups of the northwest, tea produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, and other places had to be transported to the north by sea, and then to the northwest via the Silk Road. In ship cabins and on horseback, the alternating damp and dry conditions caused major changes to the chemical composition of the leaves, and also turned them blackish-brown. In spite of this, they still give off a rare fragrance, and this type of tea quickly came to be appreciated by the locals.
黑茶的发明是个意外。很久以前，为了向西北民族供应茶叶，云南、四川、湖北、湖南等地生产的茶叶必须通过海路运到北方，然后再通过丝绸之路运到西北地区。在船舱和马背上，潮湿和干燥交替的环境使茶叶的化学成分发生重大变化，也使它们变成了黑褐色。尽管如此，它们仍然散发出罕见的香味，这种类型的茶很快就受到了当地人的喜爱。
①Pu’er tea (Yunnan Province) 普洱茶
②Six Castle tea （Guangxi Province） 六堡茶
5. Yellow Tea
Like dark tea, yellow tea was also a chance discovery when making green tea. People found that if leaves were not dried promptly after being finished, kneaded, and twisted, they would turn yellow in color, forming yellow tea. At first, people regarded yellow tea simply as bad-quality green tea. But some came to prefer the flavor of yellow tea, which gradually became one of the six major tea types. It's a type of fermented tea.
和黑茶一样，黄茶也是在制作绿茶时偶然发现的。人们发现，如果茶叶在加工、揉捻后没有及时干燥，就会变成黄色，形成黄茶。起初，人们把黄茶简单地视为质量不好的绿茶。但有些人开始喜欢黄茶的味道，逐渐成为六大茶类之一。它是发酵茶的一种。
Junshan Silver Needle of Hunan and Mengdi Yellow Shoot of Sichuan are two representatives of yellow tea.
湖南的君山银针和四川的蒙地黄芽是黄茶的两个代表。
6. White Tea
White tea is slightly fermented.In the Tang and Song Dynasties, people regarded white tea as very valuable, but at that time white tea was just a rare kind of tea tree whose leaves were white, not the same as the white tea we know today.
白茶是经过轻微发酵的。在唐宋时期，人们将白茶视为非常珍贵的东西，但当时的白茶只是一种罕见的茶树，其叶子是白色的，与龙井茶英语我们今天知道的白茶不一样。
White Hair Silver Needle and White Peony produced in Fujian are representatives of white tea.
福建生产的白毛银针和白牡丹是白茶的代表。
三
喝茶的场景
Occasions
In China, tea is believed to be a drink that connects and bonds people together with care, respect, honor, and affection.
在中国，茶被认为是一种饮料，它以关怀、尊重、荣誉和亲情将人们联系在一起。
Apart from happy occasions alone, tea also replaced alcohol in ritual occasions such as funerals and for offerings deities.
除了高兴的场合外，在葬礼和供奉神灵等礼仪场合，茶也取代了酒。
As such, tea can be found throughout a raft of occasions in china, meaning tea is a part of almost every formal and informal occasion in China.
因此，在中国的许多场合都可以看到茶。这意味着茶是中国几乎所有正式和非正式场合的一部分。
好啦,中国茶文化博大精深,小编今天带大家学习了中国茶文化的起源、茶的种类、饮茶场景,希望大家学有所获哟,我们下期再见!
来源 | UFL
作者 | Sunny
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